Ottawa's Vital Signs® 2006

The City's Annual Checkup

Taking the Pulse of a Capital City

Ottawa's Vital Signs® is an annual report card on the health of our city, to be published each fall by the Community Foundation of Ottawa.

The report assigns grades to 11 key areas that affect the quality of life of Ottawa citizens on a daily basis. Indicators for these areas were selected with the help of a wide variety of community stakeholders and leaders through extensive consultation and involvement. Areas examined include the income gap between Ottawa's rich and poor; safety and security levels in the city; health, education and employment situations among our population; how newcomers make their start in the community, as well as people's general sense of belonging; and an assessment of how Ottawa ranks for housing, the environment, transportation, and arts and culture.

In 2006, the Ottawa's Vital Signs® report indicates a number of significant strengths we can all take pride in, including a vibrant, competitive economy, safer streets and generally happy, active, well-educated citizens. However, the report also uncovers key areas of weakness in our community that demand attention and action. Along with Ottawa's prosperity has come an increasing gap between rich and poor in the city, which has surpassed the national average and is steadily widening. Also disturbing are the significant challenges faced by new immigrants to the city - a situation which has contributed to higher unemployment levels among visible minorities and an increasing number of individuals and families classified as the working poor. Some aspects of our physical environment, including air quality, are coming under increased stress, while getting to and from work is taking longer as the city grows.

By broadly measuring the health of our city each year, we expect to be in a stronger position to respond to key areas of importance in our community in future. Putting Ottawa through an annual physical will help us to identify significant trends and provide insights that will help us all make our city the best place to live, learn, work and grow. Because we are a community foundation, we will also use this report to help connect philanthropic interests with community issues and opportunities.

To create this report, we have drawn on data and statistics from numerous sources with the assistance and expertise of research professionals. We wish to extend our sincere gratitude to our many partners and sources who contributed to this report. We would like to acknowledge our funders - the Ontario Trillium Foundation, the Canyon Foundation and the Baxter Family Fund for their support.

With the help of community graders, we have assigned each indicator one of the following grades:

	In dire need of corrective action
	Of concern, needs attention
	Progress is being made
	We're doing well and headed in the right direction
	Five trees: Awesome! Ottawa's the tops!

We hope this report will help focus attention on key areas of importance to our shared quality of life in Ottawa. More than that, we hope it will encourage community involvement and help us track our collective progress and results.

James R. Nininger Barbara McInnes
Chair, Board of Governors President and CEO

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The Context

The city of Ottawa is home to over 860,000 residents within its 2,800 square kilometres, and stretches from the border with Arnprior in the west to Cumberland in the east, and from the Ottawa River to Burritt's Rapids on the Rideau River. Forming the major portion of the larger region of Ottawa-Gatineau, and spanning the Ontario-Quebec border, the Ottawa area is Canada's fourth-largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), after Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver, with an estimated combined population of over 1.1 million in 2005.¹

Ottawa is the quintessential Canadian bilingual community, with roughly two-thirds of its workforce speaking English at work in 2001, and 31% speaking French. More than a dozen other languages are also in use in the nation's capital by the remaining 3% of the population.² Like other major Canadian urban regions, the proportion of Ottawans born outside of Canada has risen dramatically in recent years due to higher levels of immigration, standing at approximately 21% at the time of the 2001 census, about half that of Toronto or Vancouver, but higher than the Canadian average.³

Collectively, Ottawans are slightly younger and a good deal wealthier than the average Canadian. They include urban professionals living and working within sight of Parliament Hill, a vast army of over 113,000 federal public servants practising on both sides of the Ontario-Quebec border, as well as the healthy high-tech community known as "Silicon Valley North". But Ottawa also has some 4,000 people living on farms. With 26 villages inside the boundaries of the municipality, Ottawa's agricultural revenue exceeds the combined total of Canada's five other major city regions.⁴

The 1990s were tough on Ottawa with government cutbacks and a high-tech meltdown. Still, in 2005, Ottawa-Gatineau's economy totaled a hefty $40.5 billion in 1997 dollars, with personal income standing at $42.3 billion (in current dollars). In recent years, the Ottawa economy has underperformed, with real growth averaging 2.4% annually between 2003 and 2005. But, with a stronger overall national economy, a steady recovery of the high-tech sector, and increased government spending, the Conference Board of Canada has forecast that the Ottawa-Gatineau economy will grow by 2.8% in 2006, and by an average of over 3.2% from 2007 to 2010.⁵

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Gap Between Rich and Poor

In 2004, close to nine in 10 (86%) of Ottawa's residents indicated their overall quality of life was good. Residents in the city centre were most positive, and rural residents least so, about their quality of life.⁶     

According to the 2001 census, the average household income in Ottawa is relatively high at $75,351. However, we are a city of two realities, with an increasing number of high-income earners and a large number of low-income residents.⁷   

Trends show that the gap between rich and poor is widening in Ottawa, and is greater in our city than the national average. In 2000, the highest income earners in Ottawa (those in the 90th percentile) earned 12 times more in after-tax income than the lowest income earners (10th percentile).⁸   

Income Gap (Individuals)

Having a job is not necessarily a ticket out of poverty. In 2001, 13% of Ottawa's unattached individuals and 11% of families were the working poor.⁹   

38,691 people used Ottawa's food banks in 2005, continuing the steady increase seen in recent years. 39% of those using food banks are children.¹⁰  

Food Bank Users in Ottawa

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Safety

In 2005, Ottawa had 6% fewer crimes of violence than it did in 2004 (5,379 occurrences, compared to 5,745). Incidences of assault (including sexual assaults and other sexual offences) have decreased dramatically. However, the incidence rate of homicide and attempted murder is on the rise. In 2005, there were 1.3 homicides and 1.6 attempted murders per 100,000 residents, compared to 1.2 and 1.5, respectively, in 2004.¹¹    

Ottawa courts are backlogged. In 2004-05, the number of criminal charges pending was almost half of those received in the Ottawa Region at the Superior Court of Justice (18,229 to 37,301). This number has grown by almost 50% in the case of criminal charges received since 2000-01, and by more than 50% in the case of criminal charges pending.¹²   

Police are responding faster to calls, with the response time for Priority One calls averaging 8.9 minutes in 2005, down from 9.6 minutes in 2003.¹³    

However, in 2004, medical emergency response time averaged 12:04 minutes in the downtown area and 18:37 minutes in the low-density areas of Ottawa. This is still off the targets which were established at 8:59 and 15:59, respectively.¹⁴   

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Health and Wellness

In 2004, the city of Ottawa had substantially more physicians per capita than either the national or Ontario average. It had almost double the national average of specialists (169 per 100,000 population), and approximately 50% more general practitioners (121 per 100,000 population). These numbers have not changed significantly since 1998. Note, however, that some physicians covered in this survey may not be in active practice.¹⁵   

Low birth weight is a good predictor of overall health as these babies tend to experience more health problems and require more health care than those of average birth weight. In 2001, 5.5% of the babies born in Ottawa had a low birth weight. This is slightly lower than the Canadian average and is in line with the rest of Ontario. It shows an improvement from 1997, when 6% of newborns weighed less than 2,500 grams at birth.¹⁶    

74.5% of Ottawa residents rated their mental health as good or excellent in 2005. This is higher than the national average (72.9%) or Ontario average (72.8%). 3.8% of residents rated their mental health as fair or poor.¹⁷    

29% of Ottawa residents (12 years and older) were physically active in 2003. This represents an increase of 7% from 2000, and is higher than both the Ontario and national average (each is at 26%).¹⁸   

Of the youngest age group surveyed (12-19 years old), 43.2% of females were active (up from 34.5% in 2000) and 51.5% of young males were active (up from 45.4% in 2000). Of concern, however, is that females continue to be less physically active than males.¹⁹  

Physical Activity Levels in Ottawa

Rates of cancer in Ottawa for 2002 (383.9 incidences per 100,000 people) are on the rise, but remain below the provincial average (393 per 100,000).²⁰

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Learning

In 2001, 36.7% of Ottawa residents aged 20-64 held a post-secondary school certificate, diploma or degree, compared to slightly less than one-quarter (23.7%) of Ontario's population of the same age group.²¹    

Ottawa students score highly on the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (86% in 2006), and have done so consistently over the years. However, the rest of the province is catching up, and is improving at a faster rate.²²    

OSSLT Results: Ottawa-Based Boards' Results Versus Provincial Results (Cumulative Results)
	Ottawa-Based Boards (English and French Systems)	Provincial Results (English and French Systems)
October 2002	80%	72%
October 2003	84%	77%
October 2004	86%	82%
March 2006	86%	84%
Source: Education Quality and Accountability Office

Ottawa residents made good use of the Ottawa Public Library in 2005. The number of items borrowed increased over 2004. The library was visited either physically or online over 6.6 million times in 2005 (down slightly from more than 6.8 million visits in 2004), and almost 192,000 people made use of its programs. Over the last year, the library has seen a 22% increase in the number of virtual visits to its online information services.²³    

Ottawa Public Library Usage Statistics
Indicator	2004	2005	Percent Change
Number of items loaned	9,019,513	9,210,315	2.1%
Number of physical visits	5,045,820	4,390,150	-13.0%
Number of virtual visits	1,839,206	2,250,266%	22.3%
Programs offered including children, teen, adult and training	8,304	8,317	0.2%
Number of people attending OPL programs	201,878	191,828	-5.0%
Source: The Ottawa Public Library

The cost of getting a post-secondary education is on the rise. Basic tuition fees at two of Ottawa's three universities increased by over 4% for the 2006-07 academic year. At Carleton University, the first-year tuition fee for domestic students in a Bachelor of Arts program increased to $4,339 for the 2006-07 academic year. A similar program costs $4,350 at the University of Ottawa and $3,499 at Saint Paul University.²⁴

For the 2005-06 academic year, the standard fees for Ottawa's two major community colleges remained comparable. The standard fee for Canadian students for full-year admission at Algonquin College of Applied Arts and Technology was $2,276, and at La Cité collégiale, it was $2,283.²⁵

11.7% of Ottawa residents aged 20-64 were without a high school education in 2001, compared to the Ontario average of 19.9%. Older residents were least likely to have completed high school.²⁶

In 2004-05, more than six in 10 grade six students in Ottawa's four school boards were at or above the provincial standards in their reading, writing and mathematical skills.²⁷

Percentage of Students At or Above Provincial Standards (Ottawa's School Boards (Cumulative) Versus Provincial Results (Cumulated), 2004-2005
Test	Ottawa-Carleton School Boards	Provincial Results
Reading	67%	63%
Writing	64%	59%
Mathematics	65%	61%
Source: Education Quality and Accountability Office

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Housing

The number of applicants on the waiting list for subsidized housing fell 3% in 2005 from 2004, while the rental vacancy rate decreased slightly to 3.3% (.6% less than in 2004).²⁸   

More people accessed shelters in Ottawa in 2005 than in 2004 - 8,853, compared to 8,664. More men (4,905) than women (1,267) or youth (543) used a shelter, and 668 families with 1,035 children were accommodated at local shelters.²⁹  

In 2001, 14.5% of all households in Ottawa (approximately 35,000 in total) spent more than 30% of their income on shelter (rent or mortgage payments and taxes). In fact, such payments absorbed 46% of their income. Renters made up the majority of these households.³⁰  

In 2005, the average price for a single-family home in Ottawa was $248,358, compared to $336,176 in Toronto. Over a 10-year period (1995-2005), this represents an increase of 52% in Ottawa housing prices. This compares to an overall increase in consumer prices of 22% for the same period.³¹  

The average rent of a two-bedroom apartment in Ottawa was $920 in 2005 (a slight decrease from 2004). Rent in Gatineau was significantly lower at $660, and was somewhat higher in Toronto at $1,052.³²   

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Getting Started in the Community

Ottawa has seen a net migration of almost 40,000 people to the city in the period between 1999 and 2004. Since 1999, much of our city's growth has come through immigration from other countries³³, and Ottawa is the second-largest recipient of immigrants to Ontario, surpassed, by far, by Toronto.³⁴   

Immigrants to Ottawa are highly educated. 50% of those who immigrated in the period between 1996 and 2001 possessed a university degree, compared to 26% of Ottawa's Canadian-born population.³⁵    

14% of recent (i.e. within the last 10 years) immigrants to Ottawa are unemployed, and those who are employed tend to have lower incomes than their Canadian-born neighbours. Key challenges facing immigrants relate to language issues and difficulties in gaining recognition of their previous (foreign) work experience, and of the credentials they have earned in other countries.³⁶  

Immigration has significantly enriched Ottawa's cultural landscape. The top 10 birth countries of newcomers who immigrated between 1996 and 2001 include People's Republic of China; India; Somalia; Iran; United States; Russian Federation; United Kingdom; former Yugoslavia; Pakistan; and Bangladesh.³⁷

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Arts and Culture

Among Canada's seven largest single cities, Ottawa ranked last in 2003 for municipal arts and culture funding at $3.44 per capita. It was also last in receiving provincial funding at $2.59 per capita, and second-last in Canada Council for the Arts funding at $3.98 per capita. Overall, Ottawa ranked last at $10.01 per capita in funding for arts and culture.³⁸  

Combined Municipal Provincial Arts Funding Agency and Canada Council for the Arts, 2003

Between 1995 and 2000, employment in culture occupations grew by 2.8% per year in Ottawa, compared with 2.4% per year for non-culture occupations. The average annual income of people working in culture occupations in 2000 was $35,651, whereas the average income for all occupations was $39,487.³⁹   

The local scene is vibrant. On July 8, 2006 the Ottawa Citizen newspaper listed 131 different cultural activities taking place in the city. These activities included art shows, museum exhibitions, literary events, dance, music, and theatre performances.⁴⁰    

There were approximately 10,800 people in Ottawa working in culture occupations in 2000, accounting for 2.2% of the workforce. Among Canada's 27 CMAs, Ottawa ranks fifth in terms of the proportion of its total labour force employed as culture workers. The presence of the federal government in Ottawa has created a labour force with the highest percentage of workers, among Canada's larger cities, employed in heritage collection and preservation occupations.⁴¹

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Environment

In 2005, the average water consumption per person for residential use in Ottawa was 438 litres per day. Consumption has decreased progressively since 2001 when it was at 510 litres, but is still higher than the 2001 national average of 335 litres per day.⁴²   

Of the five year period from 2001 to 2005, last year recorded the highest number of smog alerts, with a total of seven issued. There was one smog alert in 2004; three in 2003; and three in 2002. In 2005, the seven issued smog alerts lasted a total of 25 days. ⁴³  

Smog Alerts Issued in Ottawa

The City of Ottawa collected over 310,000 tonnes of waste from households in 2005. 33% of that amount was diverted through recycling programs, including backyard composting. This was a slight increase over 2004 when the Leaf and Yard Collection Program was discontinued, along with the collection of certain plastics.⁴⁴   

20% of the land inside and outside Ottawa's green belt is used for recreation and open-space land, making Ottawa an especially green city. Recreational land is divided into active and passive recreation land (e.g. sports fields vs. walking trails). There is about twice as much passive recreational land as there is active.⁴⁵    

During the summer months, Ottawa Public Health monitors the bacterial quality of water at designated public beaches within the city's boundaries, and issues no-swim advisories when the E. coli count is too high. In 2005, no-swim advisories were posted for one day at Britannia Beach; 22 days at Westboro Beach; 19 days at Mooney's Bay; and 17 days at Petrie Island. There has been a significant decrease in no-swim advisories at Britannia Beach over the last several years, while Westboro has remained relatively stable and Mooney's Bay experienced a high increase in 2005 over previous years, when there were very few closures. Previous years' data is not available for Petrie Island as it only opened in 2005. The beach has experienced high levels of E. coli in 2006, however.⁴⁶

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Work

In 2005, 66.2% of Ottawa's population aged 15 and over were employed. The full-time employment rate was 53.7% and the part-time rate was 12.5%. The percentage of the population engaged in part-time work has been inching upwards since 1995.⁴⁷   

In 2005, the employment rate of youth (those aged 15-24) was 26.1%, down slightly from five years ago, but on par with a decade earlier. Employment among Ottawans aged 65 years and over is on the rise. In 1995, the employment rate of these older citizens was 2.8% and it had risen to over 4% in 2005.⁴⁸   

In 2001, Ottawa boasted a low unemployment rate of 5.7%, which was slightly better than that of the overall rate in Ontario (6.1%). However, certain segments of Ottawa's population had higher rates of unemployment; for example, the rate was 5.7% for our immigrant population, versus 4.9% for non-immigrants. Visible minorities in our city had an unemployment rate of 10.8% -- and within the visible minority population, the rates were highest among blacks (13.7%) and West Asians (13.2%). The unemployment rate for Aboriginal people was 6.8%, which is far below the Ontario rate of 14.7%.⁴⁹  

There are currently more than 8,000 children on the centralized waiting list for licensed childcare in Ottawa. Half of that number is for subsidized childcare spaces.⁵⁰  

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Belonging and Leadership

In 2003, voter turnout for the municipal election remained low at 33% (compared with just over 30% in major municipalities across Canada between 2000 and 2002). This was a sharp decline from 47% in 2000, and was about the same as 1997 (at 30%).⁵¹ Turnout for the provincial election in 2003 was quite a bit higher at 58%⁵², and the federal election garnered 73% of voters in 2006.⁵³  

In 2004, 31.3% of people who filed tax returns in Ottawa made a charitable donation (compared with 27.7% for Ontario and 25% for Canada). The median donation totaled 280 per donor, compared to $290 per donor across Ontario.⁵⁴    

In 2004, 59% of people in Ottawa (aged 15 or older) volunteered an average of 158 hours each, compared with 50% in Ontario (at 162 hours per volunteer) and 45% across Canada (at 168 hours per volunteer).⁵⁵    

In a 2005 study on health indicators, 61.5% of Ottawa residents reported having a strong sense of belonging to their local community. This is below the overall rate of 65.5% in Ontario.⁵⁶  

27 % of Ottawa's elected municipal officials in 2003 were women, which is slightly higher than the average for Canada's major cities (at 25%), and more than elected federal officials (21% of whom were women in the last two federal elections).⁵⁷

A slightly higher proportion of immigrants in Ottawa make charitable donations than Canadian-born residents, an indicator of belonging and being engaged in civil society (see table below.) Among major city regions, Canadian-born respondents living in Ottawa made the highest average donations ($476) in 2000. Patterns of giving, like all aspects of community engagement, tend to vary across regions. Winnipeg had the highest rate (92%) in 2000, followed by those in Vancouver (88%) and Ottawa (86%).⁵⁸

Donor rate and average donation, by select CMAs, 2000 Immigrants and Canadian-born aged 15 and older
	Immigrants		Canadian-born
Select CMAs	% who donated	Average Donation	% who donated	Average donation
Halifax	*	*	82	$228
Montreal	68	$96	73	$135
Ottawa	86	$247	84	$476
Toronto/Golden Horseshoe	81	$314	74	$344
Winnipeg	92	$360	84	$370
Calgary/Edmonton	84	$628	86	$317
Vancouver	88	$286	73	$262
Elsewhere	84	$310	82	$226
Average	82	$311	79	$251
* Results suppressed due to small sample size Source: Calculations by the Canadian Council on Social Development using data from the National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating, 2000.

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Getting Around

Like all city dwellers across Canada, Ottawa-Gatineau residents are spending more time commuting to and from work than they did in the '90s. In 1992, it took residents an average of 57 minutes to make the round trip home. Ottawa's daily commute time had increased by 14% to 65 minutes in 2005. Overall, however, we take less time commuting than residents of Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Calgary.⁵⁹  

It currently costs $71.25 for a monthly adult bus pass in Ottawa. This represents a 9.6% price increase over 2005, and a 21.8% increase since 2000. A monthly adult Metro Pass in Toronto costs $99.75 and provides access to the transportation system linking buses, streetcars and the subway system.⁶⁰  

58% of Ottawa's active bus fleet in 2005 was made up of low-floor buses that provide accessible public transportation, compared with 51% in 2004 and 39% in 2003.⁶¹   

Ottawa has an extensive cycling network of approximately 470 kilometres that is equally divided between bike paths and bicycle-friendly roads. The City has proposed an ambitious plan to enlarge this network to approximately 2,500 kilometres by the year 2021.⁶² In 2005, 32.1% of city buses were equipped with bicycle racks (a 23% increase since 1999, when OC Transpo first introduced its "Rack and Roll" Program).⁶³    

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About the Grades

Measuring the health of our community in 2006

Using a five-point ranking system (an ordinal scale), community graders, comprising a cross section of individuals knowledgeable of our community, ranked each indicator in this report according to their view of how well we are doing in Ottawa. The ranking system provided the community graders the opportunity to reflect upon which should receive appropriate attention.

The scale used by the graders is as follows:

1. In dire need of corrective action
2. Of concern, needs attention
3. Progress is being made
4. We're doing well and headed in the right direction
5. Awesome! Ottawa's the tops!

For ease of understanding and summarizing the collective sentiment of the graders, for each indicator a median value was assigned. (The median is the value of the midpoint of the range of responses that are arranged in order of value (in this case from urgently requiring attention to not at all requiring our attention.) The number of symbols next to the indicator denotes its median value - and reveals its relative importance to the community graders.

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Sources

The Context

1. Statistics Canada, Population of census metropolitan areas - 2001 Census boundaries
   http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo05a.htm
   
   
2. Statistics Canada, Frequency of language of work, by CMA - 2001 Census
   http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo45i.htm
   
   
3. Statistics Canada, Proportion of foreign-born population, by CMA - 1991 to 2001 Censuses
   http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo47a.htm
   
   
4. Statistics Canada, Federal government employment, wages and salaries, by CMA - 2001 to 2005
   http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/govt58a.htm
   
   
5. The Conference Board of Canada, Ottawa-Gatineau: Metropolitan Outlook 1, Spring 2006. Report by Alan Arcand, Frederic Clavet, Mario Lefebvre, Greg Sutherland. April 2006, 20 pages.
   
   

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Gap Between Rich and Poor

6. Residents were asked by Ekos Research to respond to the following question: "In general, how would you rate the quality of life that you experience in the City of Ottawa?" Only those classified as responding "good" are included in this report. Access the report on-line at
   http://ottawa.ca/city_hall/budget/previous_budgets/
   budget_2005/citizen_report/index_en.html.
   
   
7. Statistics Canada - Census 2001
   http://ottawa.ca/city_services/statistics/census/
   ott/inchh_ot_en.shtml
   
   
8. Federation of Canadian Municipalities
   To access the full data spread sheet, with comparisons among various municipalities, see
   http://www.fcm.ca/english/qol/charts7.xls
   
   
9. Social Planning Council of Ottawa, The Working Poor of Ottawa, December 2005.
   http://www.spcottawa.on.ca
   
   

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Safety

10. The Ottawa Food Bank
    http://www.theottawafoodbank.ca
    
    Canadian Association of Food Banks, Time for Action, HungerCount 2005.
    http://cafb-acba.ca/documents/HC05-eng.pdf
    
    Canadian Association of Food Banks, Poverty in a land of plenty: Towards a Hunger-Free Canada, HungerCount 2004.
    http://cafb-acba.ca/documents/hungercount04-eng.pdf
    
    
11. City of Ottawa - Ottawa Police Service, Annual Statistics 2005, Crime Trends 2001 - 2005
    http://www.ottawapolice.ca/en/resources/
    crime_analysis_statistics/index.cfm
    
    
12. Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General, Courts Annual Report 2004-05, Appendix B
    http://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/english/
    about/pubs/courts_annual_05.asp
    
    
13. City of Ottawa - Ottawa Police Service, Annual Statistics 2005, Call for Service 2001-2005
    http://www.ottawapolice.ca/en/resources/
    crime_analysis_statistics/index.cfm
    
    
14. City of Ottawa budget, 2005, Office of Emergency Management, Ottawa Paramedic Service
    http://ottawa.ca/city_hall/budget/previous_budgets/
    budget_2005/final/operating/final_
    operating_community.pdf, page 163
    
    

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Health and Wellness

15. Canadian Institute for Health Information, Health Indicator Reports, 2004
    http://www.cihi.ca/hireports/search.jspa
    ?language=en&healthIndicatorSelection=Phys_GP
    &healthIndicatorSelection=Phys_Splists
    
    
16. Statistics Canada, Canadian Vital Statistics, Birth Database, CANSIM Tables 102-4203
    http://cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/CNSMCGI.EXE
    ?&Lang=E&ArrayId=102-4203&Array_Pick=1
    &Detail=1&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___
    &RootDir=CII/&TblDetail=1&C2SUB=HEALTH
    
    
17. Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 3.1), CANSIM TABLE 105-0421 and 105-0321
    
    http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/82-221-XIE/
    2006001/tables/t003c.pdf
    #search=%22Cansim%20Table%20105-0421%22
    
    
18. Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey, 2000/01. CANSIM Table 105-0033 and 105-0233
    http://cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/
    CNSMCGI.EXE?LANG=E&SDDSLOC=//www.statcan.ca/
    english/sdds/*.htm&ROOTDIR=CII/&
    RESULTTEMPLATE=CII/CII_PICK
    &ARRAY_PICK=1&ARRAYID=1050033
    
    
19. Ibid
    
    
20. Statistics Canada, Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) Database, 2005.
    http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/hlth61.htm
    
    

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Learning

21. Statistics Canada
    http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/
    Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD
    &Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35
    &Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins
    &SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom
    
    
22. The Education, Quality and Accountability Office of the Province of Ontario, "Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test, March 2006" (June 14, 2006). (The four Ottawa-based boards accounted for in this report include the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board, the Ottawa-Carleton District Catholic School Board, Conseil des écoles catholiques du Centre-Est de l'Ontario, and the Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario.)
    http://www.eqao.com/categories/home.aspx?Lang=E
    
    
23. The Ottawa Public Library
    
    
24. Carleton University
    http://www.carleton.ca/finance/pdfs/
    2006_2007_budget_report.pdf
    and http://www.carleton.ca/fees/06FW/fees/undergrad/
    06FWDomUndergrad.html
    
    

University of Ottawa
http://www.media.uottawa.ca/mediaroom/
news_details-e.php?nid=899
and http://web1.uottawa.ca/uopr/regist/droits/
fees.asp?UG=True&INT=False&Period=9&Year=2006
Saint Paul University
Telephone conversation, Finance Department, Saint Paul University, July 4, 2006.


25. Algonquin College
    http://www.algonquincollege.com/PublicRelations/
    html/facts13.htm
    
    La Cité collégiale
    http://www.lacitec.on.ca/english.php
    
    
26. Statistics Canada
    http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/
    Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008
    &Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa
    &SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01
    &B1=All&Custom
    
    
27. Education Quality and Accountability Office (The four Ottawa-based boards accounted for in this report include the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board, the Ottawa-Carleton District Catholic School Board, Conseil des écoles catholiques du Centre-Est de l'Ontario, and the Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario.)
    http://www.eqao.com/categories/home.aspx
    ?Lang=E
    
    

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Housing

28. The Alliance to End Homelessness, Second Report Card on Homelessness in Ottawa, Jan-Dec, 2005.
    http://www.endhomelessnessottawa.ca/
    SecondReportCardonHomelessnessinOttawaJan
    -Dec2005.cfm
    
    
29. The Alliance to End Homelessness, Second Report Card on Homelessness in Ottawa, Jan-Dec, 2005.
    http://www.endhomelessnessottawa.ca/
    SecondReportCardonHomelessnessinOttawaJan
    -Dec2005.cfm
    
    
30. CMHC (census-based housing indicators and data)
    http://www.cmhc.ca/en/corp/about/cahoob/
    index.cfm
    
    
31. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Housing Now Reports Ottawa and Toronto, 2006
    https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/b2c/b2c/init.do
    ?language=en
    
    
32. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Housing Now Reports Ottawa, Toronto, and Gatineau 2006
    https://www03.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/b2c/b2c/init.do
    ?language=en
    
    
33. City of Ottawa: 2001 Census: Data Handbook: Migration Estimates, City of Ottawa, 1987-2004.
    http://ottawa.ca/city_services/statistics
    
    

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Getting Started in the Community

34. Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Facts and Figures 2005
    http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pub/facts2005/
    permanent/18.html
    
    
35. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Recent Immigrants in Metropolitan Areas. Ottawa. A Comparative Profile Based on the 2001 Census. April 2005
    http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pdf/research-stats/
    2001-ottawa.pdf
    
    
36. Ibid.
    
    
37. Ibid.
    
    

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Arts and Culture

38. City of Ottawa: Arts Investment Strategy Report. November 2005
    http://www.ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/hrssc/
    2005/11-17/ACS2005-CPS-CSF-0018.htm
    
    
39. Statistics Canada, Census Data
    
    
40. The Ottawa Citizen, July 8, 2006, pp K11-K12
    
    
41. Statistics Canada, Census Data
    
    

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Environment

42. Environment Canada. 2004 Municipal Water Use Report
    http://www.ec.gc.ca/water/en/info/pubs/sss/
    e_mun2001.htm
    
    
43. City of Ottawa
    http://ottawa.ca/residents/health/publications/
    hsr/index_en.html
    
    
44. City of Ottawa
    
    
45. City of Ottawa - Statistics - Ottawa Counts
    http://www.ottawa.ca/city_services/statistics/
    counts/land_use/index_en.html
    
    
46. City of Ottawa
    http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/health/
    publications/hsr/environmental_en.html
    
    

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Work

47. Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey
    
    
48. Ibid
    
    
49. Statistics Canada - Census 2001
    http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/
    products/standard/themes/
    
    
50. City of Ottawa
    
    

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Belonging and Leadership

51. City of Ottawa - Elections - Voter Turnout
    http://www.ottawa.ca/city_hall/elections/
    voterturnout_en.html
    
    
52. Elections Ontario
    http://www.electionsontario.on.ca/results/
    2003_results/stat_summary.jsp?e_code=36&rec=0
    &district=ottawa&flag=E&layout=G
    
    
53. Elections Canada
    http://www.elections.ca/scripts/OVR2006/
    default.html
    
    
54. Statistics Canada
    http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/
    famil90.htm
    
    
55. Statistics Canada, Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating, 2004
    http://www.givingandvolunteering.ca/
    
    
56. Statistics Canada - Community belonging and self-perceived health: Early CCHS findings (January to June 2005)
    http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/
    82-621-XIE/82-621-XIE2005001.htm
    
    
57. City of Ottawa - Municipal Election Results 2003
    http://ottawa.ca/city_hall/elections/2003results_en.html
    and, Elections Canada
    http://www.elections.ca/scripts/OVR2006/default.html
    
    
58. Canadian Council on Social Development: Making Connections, Social and Civic Engagement among Canadian Immigrants 2006
    http://www.ccsd.ca/pubs/2006/makingconnections/
    makingconnections.pdf
    
    

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Getting Around

59. Statistics Canada - The time it takes to get to work and back,
    http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/
    89-622-XIE/89-622-XIE2006001.htm
    
    
60. OC Transpo, Operating Statistics July 2005, table A-4 (AMP) and table C-3 (AFO)
    http://www.octranspo.com/fares_menuE.htm
    and, Toronto Transit Commission
    http://www.toronto.ca/ttc/metropass_steps.htm
    
    
61. OC Transpo, Operating Statistics July 2005, Table A-3
    
    
62. McCormick Rankin: Study - City of Ottawa, Transportation Performance Objectives and Indicators December 2005
    
    
63. City of Ottawa, Ottawa Cycling Plan
    http://ottawa.ca/public_consult/cycling/draft_plan/
    index_en.shtml

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